Sutures and Wound Repair/ General Surgery (ABSA) Practice Test

What condition may retard wound healing in postoperative patients?

1. Excessive calories

2. Negative nitrogen balance

3. High protein intake

4. Hydration overload

The correct answer is: Negative nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance is a crucial condition that can significantly impede wound healing in postoperative patients. This balance refers to a state where the body is losing more nitrogen than it is taking in, which is often a consequence of protein deficiency. In the context of wound healing, adequate protein intake is vital as it provides the necessary amino acids for tissue repair and regeneration. When patients experience a negative nitrogen balance, it indicates that their body lacks sufficient protein to build new tissues and synthesize the components required for the healing process. This deficit can slow down cellular repair, leading to delayed healing, increased risk of wound complications, and a higher likelihood of infection. While excessive calories, high protein intake, and hydration overload can impact recovery, they do not directly create the same detrimental effect on the physiological processes involved in wound healing as negative nitrogen balance does. Thus, maintaining a positive nitrogen balance through adequate protein intake is essential for optimal recovery and healing after surgery.